Autumn Part 2 (2014 Korea)
by
K. Song
Child Protection & Child Rights
According to UNICEF, child abuse can be in a form of damage in physical and mental, failure to use reasonable care, oppression and child molestation. Child abuse may happen in homes, schools, residential institutions, streets, companies, prisons and in locations of confinement. There is so much harm in child abuse that can lead to a negative effect in the growth of the child, damaging their mind, body and well-being. In worst case scenario, child abuse can make a child die.
In India, the case of child abuse is a secret circumstance especially if the abuse takes place in homes involving the family members. The center about abuse has normally been in the state of being available to the public as a whole like child labor, prostitution, marriage, etc. The abuse that happens in school and government institutions or the intra-family abuse is often taken for granted. This may be because of the form of the family relations in India and the obligations of children have in this form. In India, the young individuals are very dependent on their children; they still remain to conform to the authority and will of their parents although they decided to separate from their parents. This belief that family members are the sole custodian of the child has confirmed to have disadvantages on child protection laws. Quantity of the child abuse cases in India that takes place in home are difficult to achieve since most these cases are unreported. Abuses related to social relations that are a result of poverty are identified in different forms by the law in India. However, India doesn’t have a legal system that safeguards the child from abuse that takes place in the home. According to studies, intra-family child abuse in the U.S. has a connection to minor crimes, teenage pregnancy and other emotional disorder.
L.Singh
Alex Robles
Increasing mode share of bus transport in Indian cities
The cities in India are now encountering urbanization, improving motor transportation and expanding traffic jam. People in urban areas are not living in a high quality community because of the decreased in public transportation and spending funds for building construction that develop a car culture by constructing road and flyovers. The upcoming years need to center their attention on accurate and improving the expansion of system. It is important to establish a new strategy for operational, infrastructural, technological, marketing, and financing to improve the procedure of public buses in the upcoming years. In order for the cities to be habitable and comfortable, the public transportation like bus and rapid transit (BRT) systems must become an essential part of urban growth.
In the year 2005, buses as public transportation in the cities have a percentage of 90% and it is inexpensive and convenient means of transportation. A total of 35,000 buses in India are functioning for service. Eighty percent of these buses are operating in big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, and Pune.
An experimentation study and bus renovation in the past years have strengthen that the systems for city bus will still be the backbone of urban flexibility in India for they in practical cost, more able to be upheld and easy to achieve compare to other infrastructure mass transport systems like metros.
P. Mulukutla